Science 299:389–392īaumann H, Talmage SC, Gobler CJ (2012) Reduced early life growth and survival in a fish in direct response to increased carbon dioxide. Academic press, California, pp 220–272īaum JK, Myers RA, Kehler DG, Worm B, Harley SJ, Doherty PA (2003) Collapse and conservation of shark populations in the Northwest Atlantic. In: Spiegel HE, Nowacki G, Hsiao K-J (eds) Advances in clinical chemistry, vol 37.
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Free Radic Biol Med 39:1362–1367īartosz G (2003) Total antioxidant capacity. Moreover, given that long-term acclimation and adaptive potential to rapid environmental changes are yet experimentally unaccounted for, future research is warranted to accurately predict shark physiological performance under future ocean conditions.Īlamdari DH, Kostidou E, Paletas K, Sarigianni M, Konstas AG, Karapiperidou A, Koliakos G (2005) High sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for measuring protein carbonyl in samples with low amounts of protein. Nevertheless, previous research has provided evidence of detrimental effects of OA (interacting with other climate-related stressors) on some aspects of shark biology. We argue that sharks’ ancient antioxidant system, strongly based on non-enzymatic antioxidants (e.g., urea), may provide them with resilience towards OA, potentially beyond the tolerance of more recently evolved species, i.e., teleosts. Our findings suggest that ROS-scavenging molecules, rather than complex enzymatic proteins, provide an effective defense mechanism in dealing with OA-elicited ROS formation. Newly hatched sharks appear to cope with OA-related stress through a range of tissue-specific biochemical strategies, specifically through the action of antioxidant enzymatic compounds.
Moreover, we also assessed the secondary oxidative stress response, i.e., heat shock response and ubiquitin levels. Specifically, we measured lipid, protein, and DNA damage levels, as well as changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic ROS scavengers in juvenile sharks exposed to elevated CO 2 for 50 days following hatching. In this study, we investigated the biochemical effects of ocean acidification (OA) levels predicted for 2100 ( pCO 2 ~ 900 μatm) on newly hatched tropical whitespotted bamboo sharks ( Chiloscyllium plagiosum). Sharks have maintained a key role in marine food webs for 400 million years and across varying physicochemical contexts, suggesting plasticity to environmental change.
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